The development of flame retardant technology is accompanied by the development of synthetic polymer materials
- time:
- 2019-05-13
Polymer materials can be classified into natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers according to their sources. In 1907, Baekeland and his assistants invented phenolic resin, marking the beginning of the application of synthetic polymer materials. Due to its excellent performance and low investment in production and application, synthetic polymer materials have developed rapidly in the past few decades. Natural or synthetic polymer materials have been widely used in electronic and electrical products, high-rise buildings, aircraft, automobiles, transportation, decoration and decoration industries, making polymer materials one of the three most important materials in parallel with metals and ceramics.
Because of the high molecular weight and carbon content of polymer materials, most of them have strong flammability, flammability and combustion toxicity, which is also an important reason for the increase of loss in fire, thus promoting the development of flame retardant technology.
Since 1908, g.a.en-gelard et al. used natural rubber to react with chlorine to produce flame-retardant chlorinated rubber, which pioneered the chemical flame-retardant method of polymer. Especially in recent 40 years, the rapid development of flame-retardant technology has led to the development of many efficient and new flame-retardants.
Flame retardants are used to improve the flame resistance of materials, that is, to prevent materials from being ignited and to inhibit flame propagation. According to the relationship between flame retardants and flame retardant substrates, flame retardants can be divided into two categories: additive type and reactive type. According to the types of flame retardants, flame retardants are usually divided into halogen, organic phosphorus, halogen phosphorus, nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium, inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen, antimony, aluminium-magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, boron, aluminium and so on.
Flame retardants can make flammable polymer materials non-flammable, non-flammable, self-extinguishing, or slow down the flame propagation speed, heat release and smoke release rate through the principles of endothermic effect, covering effect, inhibition of chain reaction and asphyxiation caused by decomposition of non-flammable gas in the combustion process, thus effectively improving the fire safety in the application of polymer materials.
With the development of science and technology and the popularization and application of macromolecule materials, the research of flame retardant technology has been further promoted. Its application scope has covered natural macromolecule materials such as wood, fabric, synthetic macromolecule materials such as fibers, plastics, rubber and semi-synthetic macromolecule materials such as asphalt.
